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Past literature on authentic assessment suggests that it provides a far morereliable and valid indicator of outcomes such as higher student engagement, abilityto transfer skills to different contexts, multiple evidence of competence, and studentperformance. This has appeal in seafarer education and training where both studentsand employers increasingly perceive traditional assessment methods as failing toconsistently generate these outcomes. However, this paper argues that improvingdifferent aspects of assessment validity and reliability is essentially required toenhance the outcomes identified above. The paper builds on and extends previouswork to investigate and develop a conceptual and practical framework that promotesa holistic approach to authentic assessment that provides greater assurances ofvalidity and reliability throughout all stages of assessment within seafarer programs.It also lays the path to future research directions by establishing the agenda to test thepracticality of the framework in the authentic assessment of seafarer students andalso investigate the impact of students’perception of increasing authenticity onperformance scores in assessment task.