Despite the profusion of studies into the factor structure of language tests, limited research is currentlyavailable on the relationship between test performance and language use in TLU domains. Utilizing the structural equation modeling approach, this study set out to investi-gate the factor structure of a high-stakes university-based English proficiency test, and then modeled the relationship between test takers’ performance and their ability to use language in TLU domains. A self-assessment (SA) inven-tory was developed and validated to capture test takers’ability to use language in TLU domains. The resultsshowed that the higher-order factor model best fit both thetest and SA data. Structural regression analysis indicated amoderately strong relation ship between students’ general EFL ability and the SA latent factor. The results of this study lend empirical support to the construct and predictivevalidity of the test, both of which are deemed crucial to itsoverall validity argument. The results also shed light on theutility of SA to capture language use in TLU domains aswell as the use of SA for test validation purposes

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• From Test Performance to Language Use: Using Self-Assessmentto Validate a High-Stakes English Proficiency Test