This article conceptualizes what strict liability is in the criminal law. Four
properties are found to be individually necessary, only jointly sufficient, for there to be the
kind of moral blameworthiness that must underlie any just punishment: prima facie
wrongdoing, absence of justification, prima facie culpability, and absence of excuse.
Whenever criminal liability is imposed without the presence of one or more of these
properties, the liabuility is said to be strict.

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• The Strictness of Strict Liability