In this paper, I defend fairness-based retributivism against two important objections, the no-benefit objection and the social injustice objection. I argue that the theory can defeat the no-benefit objection by developing an account of how crimes can be
sources of unfairness by inflicting lo ses on people, and that it can blunt the social injustice objection by toning down the theory’s distributive aspirations. I conclude that fairnessbased retributivism, contrary to received wisdom, merits further attention from legal and political philosophers.

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