The current paper expands on traditional views of the work-nonwork interface to incorporate the critical component of sleep. We
integrate past theoretical and empirical work from the sleep and organizational science literatures to inform a novel framework
that will facilitate research evaluating associations among work, nonwork, and sleep, the three major areas of life. We propose
that attitudes, behaviors, and states emerging in work and nonwork domains cannot be fully understood without taking into
account upstream and downstream sleep quantity and quality effects. Rather, periods of sleep bookend engagement in work and
nonwork roles. Thus, we propose the work, nonwork, and sleep (WNS) conceptual framework and, in doing so, identify specific,
underlying resource mechanisms (i.e., human energy and time) operating both intra-individually and inter-individually. We also
discuss contextual factors that act as predictors and moderators of these relationships. We suggest that a unifying framework
explaining connections and underlying processes among work, nonwork, and sleep is necessary for applied psychology and
management disciplines to significantly contribute to future research, intervention development and dissemination, and ultimate-
ly policy change. We provide a number of avenues for future investigation, including relevant special populations and method-
ological approaches. Although a plethora of work-nonwork theoretical frameworks exist, none have incorporated the third major
area of life: sleep. We call for the expansion and acknowledgement of sleep, an important source of variance in everyday attitudes,
behaviors, and states, and ultimately in long-term organizational, family, and individual health and well-being.

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• Work, Nonwork, and Sleep (WNS): a Review and Conceptual Framework