This article reports the results of a mixedmethods
approach to develop and validate an instrument to
measure Indonesian pre-service teachers’ conceptions of
statistics. First, a phenomenographic study involving a
sample of 44 participants uncovered six categories of
conceptions of statistics. Second, an instrument of conceptions
of statistics was developed on the basis of findings
from the phenomenographic study. The instrument was
initially piloted with 63 participants. Subsequently, an
exploratory factor analysis involving 116 participants,
followed by a confirmatory factor analysis involving 232
participants, was executed, suggesting a three-factor
structure. In addition, three different types of conceptions
of statistical data were identified from the integration of
qualitative and quantitative studies. Contributions of the
study and implications of the findings for further research
and statistics education are discussed

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• Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Indonesian Pre-service Teachers’ Conceptions of Statistics