Quantitative methods for studying biodiversity have been traditionally
rooted in the classical theory of finite frequency tables analysis. However, with the
help of modern experimental tools, like high-throughput sequencing, we now begin to
unlock the outstanding diversity of genomic data in plants and animals reflective of the
long evolutionary history of our planet. This molecular data often defies the classical
frequency/contingency tables assumptions and seems to require sparse tables with very
large number of categories and highly unbalanced cell counts, e.g., following heavy-

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