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UPA Perpustakaan Universitas Jember

Detection of the Cyanotoxins L-BMAA Uptake and Accumulation in Primary Neurons and Astrocytes

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We show for the first time that a newly developed
polyclonal antibody (pAb) can specifically target the cyanotoxin
β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and can be used to enable
direct visualization of BMAA entry and accumulation in primary
brain cells. We used this pAb to investigate the effect of acute and
chronic accumulation, and toxicity of both BMAA and its natural
isomer 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB), separately or in combi-
nation, on primary cultures of rat neurons. We further present
evidence that co-treatment with BMAA and DAB increased
neuronal death, as measured by MAP2 fluorescence level, and
appeared to reduce BMAA accumulation. DAB is likely to be
acting synergistically with BMAA resulting in higher level of
cellular toxicity. We also found that glial cells such as microglia
and astrocytes are also able to directly uptake BMAA indicating
that additional brain cell types are affected by BMAA-induced
toxicity. Therefore, BMAA clearly acts at multiple cellular levels
to possibly increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative
diseases, including neuro- and gli

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