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UPA Perpustakaan Universitas Jember

Vague Kinds and Biological Nominalism

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Among biological kinds, the most important are species. But species, how-
ever defined, have vague boundaries, both synchronically owing to hybridization and
ongoing speciation, and diachronically owing to genetic drift and genealogical continu-
ity despite speciation. It is argued that the solution to the problems of species and their
vague boundaries is to adopt a thoroughgoing nominalism in regard to all biological
taxa, from species to domains. The base entities are individual organisms: populations of
these compose species and higher taxa. This accommodates all the important biological
facts while avoiding the legacy problems of pre-evolutionary typological taxonomy,
which saw species and other taxa as prior to their members. Species are however not
individuals: they are spatiotemporally bounded collections, which are plural particulars.

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