My focus in this paper is on a type of bad actions, namely actions that appear to be
done for reasons that are not good reasons. I take such bad actions to be ubiquitous. But their
ubiquity gives rise to a puzzle, especially if we assume that intentional actions are performed
for what one believes or takes to be good reasons. The puzzle I aim to solve in this paper is:
why do we seem to be getting it wrong so much of the time? I will argue that we can explain
the ubiquity of bad action in light of the practical uncertainties that we face. My claim is not
just that the more uncertainty we face as agents, the more likely we are to make a mistake
about what counts as a good reason for action, although that is certainly one possible effect of
practical uncertainty. My main claim is, rather, that practical uncertainty can have an impact on
what counts as acting for a good reason for the agent.

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• The Good, the Bad, and the Uncertain: Intentional Action under Normative Uncertainty