The emergence of 3D printing technology in the fashion industries has led to a rapidly
growing attention and discussion on its coming impacts, novel approaches and those
relevant challenges involved in its supply chain integration. The purpose of this conceptual
study is to examine the potential impacts and challenges of integrating Direct
Digital Manufacturing methods, specifically 3D printing (3DP), in the fashion industry.
To recognize and organize such integration, we first examine the nature of Direct
digital manufacturing (DDM) in contrast to traditional manufacturing approaches. After
that, a conceptual model applied to DDM integrated fashion industry was then proposed
to address this change. With respect to 3DP, four areas of its direct and indirect
impacts were prudently examined, which were primarily put on (1) design and product
development, (2) sourcing and manufacturing, (3) retail, distribution and consumer, as
well as (4) the sustainability optimization. The potential challenges of integrating 3DP,
which ultimately leads to the DDM paradigm, in each of these areas were also evaluated.
Beyond the identified impacts and challenges, this proposed conceptual model
ultimately aims to help lay the groundwork, explore future research topics and curricula
for the fashion field integrating DDM, focusing on the 3DP technology.

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• Envisioning the era of 3D printing: a conceptual model for the fashion industry