As institutions invest time and money into con-structing or redesigning spaces to meet educational goals ofthe innovation age, it is prudent for designers to be guided bylessons learned from research. Based on a synthesis of fourleading future learning spaces, a novel conceptualization isoffered here to advance both scholarship and practice offuture learning spaces. Specifically, this synthesis distinguishes be-tween two types of spaces: content-flexible and content-spe-cific. Content-flexible spaces are dedicated for instruction oropen learning, while content-specific spaces are used as astage for learning or as sources of content. In addition to this conceptualization, eight principles about the process of estab-lishing future learning spaces and about specific features oftheir designs are provided based on interviews of lead de-signers of the four exemplars considered for this paper. The analysis of these principles shows that developmental princi-ples are relatively fixed, while design principles have a widerrange of diversity. These conclusions provide formative knowledge for designers of future learning spaces

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• Future Learning Spaces in Schools: Concepts and Designs from the Learning Sciences