We elucidate a recently emergent framework in
unifying the two families of high temperature (high T c )
superconductors, cuprates and iron-based superconductors.
The unification suggests that the latter is simply the
counterpart of the former to realize robust extended s-wave
pairing symmetries in a square lattice. The unification
identifies that the key ingredients (gene) of high T c
superconductors is a quasi two dimensional electronic
environment in which the d-orbitals of cations that partic-
ipate in strong in-plane couplings to the p-orbitals of anions
are isolated near Fermi energy. With this gene, the
superexchange magnetic interactions mediated by anions
could maximize their contributions to superconductivity.
Creating the gene requires special arrangements between
local electronic structures and crystal lattice structures. The
speciality explains why high T c superconductors are so
rare. An explicit prediction is made to realize high T c
superconductivity in Co/Ni-based materials with a quasi
two dimensional hexagonal lattice structure formed by
trigonal bipyramidal complexes.

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• Identifying the genes of unconventional high temperature superconductors